Enron What Caused the Ethical Collapse - 882 Words

Kenneth Lay, former chairman and chief executive officer (CEO) of Enron Corp., claimed to be a moral and ethical leader and exhorted Enron’s officers and employees to be highly ethical in their decisions and actions. In addition, the Enron Code of Ethics specified that â€Å"An employee shall not conduct himself or herself in a manner which directly or indirectly would be detrimental to the best interests of the Company or in a manner which would bring to the employee financial gain separately derived as a direct consequence of his or her employment with the Company.† Enron’s ethics code was based on the values of respect, integrity, communication, and excellence. Given this code of conduct and Ken Lay’s professed commitment to business ethics,†¦show more content†¦A grand jury indicted Lay on July 7, 2004 on 11 counts of securities fraud and related charges. He was found guilty of 10 counts against him on May 25, 2006. A judge dismissed the last count since each count carried a 5 to 10 year maximum prison sentence. Had he not died of a heart attack on July 5, 2006, he could have served between 20 to 30 years in prison. Skilling is still serving a 24-plus year prison sentence, after he was convicted on 19 counts-- â€Å"one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud and wire fraud, 12 counts of securities fraud, five counts of making false statements to accountants, and one count of insider trading.† Recently, it was questionable whether or not he would be temporarily released after his son’s suicide attempt. Fastow was sentenced on conspiracy to commit securities fraud and sentenced from 10 to 6 years after he testified against Ken Lay, Jeff Skilling, and others. His release date is scheduled on December 2011. Enron, the company’s, aftermath also stands witness to the corruption of its officers, â€Å"Enron Creditors Recovery Corp. is a shell of the former Enron Corp. (once the worlds #1 energy trader) and is shelling out the remaining assets of the bankrupt Enron to creditors. Once the largest buyer and seller of natural gas and electricity in the US, Enron also traded numerous other commodities.Show MoreRelatedThe Fall Of Major Telecommunications Company Onetel And Enron1319 Words   |  6 Pages OneTel and Enron were huge technology companies, dominating the competition that they faced although - everything changed. Both of these companies operated in the same era, coincedently both suffering financial collapse. The reasons were mainly because of failure to follow major accounting principles, lacking morals and lacking strong work ethics. If even a major corporation can fall into this â€Å"trap†, then avoiding doesn’t sound easy, although accountants can easily avoid scandals by following aRead MoreEnrons Business Ethics Failure1485 Words   |  6 PagesContent 1. Overview ............................................................................................3 2. The Fall of Enron ...............................................................................4 3. Enrons ethical dilemmas ..................................................................6 4. Conslucions .......................................................................................7 5. Bibliography .....................................................Read MoreThe Ethics Of The Enron Case1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe Enron case is a very popular case to show how the profession of accounting is vital to make the corporate world of business flow reliably. Enron was recognized as one of the world’s major electricity, natural gas, communications and pulp and paper’s company. However Enron was found to record assets and profits at inflated, fraudulent and non-existent amounts. Debts and losses were found to be excluded from financial statements along with other major transactions between Enron and other companiesRead MoreFinancial Collapse : The And Enron1320 Words   |  6 PagesOneTel and Enron were huge technology companies, dominating the competition that they faced although - everything changed. Both of these companies operated in the same era, coincedently both suffering financial collapse. The reasons were mainly because of the failure to follow major accounting principles, lacking morals and lacking strong work ethics. If even a major corporation can fall into this â€Å"trap†, then avoiding doesn’t sound easy, although accountants can easily avoid scandals by followingRead MoreThe Organization Behaviors Of Enron Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Organization Behaviors of Enron Introduction Enron is considered America’s largest corporate failure in history and is a story about greed, fraud, and human tragedy. In 1986, Houston National Gas and Internorth, a natural gas pipeline company, merged to create Enron with Ken Lay as the chair and chief executive officer (CEO). Lay transformed the company into a high tech global operation that traded water, energy, broadband, and electricity. In less than a year, problems arose of fraud andRead MoreEnron : A Model Of The Innovative Company1684 Words   |  7 PagesEnron Enron began in July 1985, and its headquarters were in Houston. It started from a small regional energy supplier. However, Enron was dissatisfied with the traditional way of doing business, so it began to look toward energy security. Enron s management believed that the creation of derivative securities market for any commodity was possible, so Enron developed energy commodity futures, options, and other financial derivatives. Energy deregulation brought this company great commercial opportunitiesRead MoreEnron Stakeholders1700 Words   |  7 PagesBA 215 Spring 2007 Enron Stakeholder Assignment Enron was a dream come true for a lot of people, but it was also a nightmare waiting to happen for many more. I am going to examine the collapse of Enron from the management perspective. The three examples of Enron behaving badly that I am going to study are the incidents in Valhalla, the electricity trading in California and the conflict of interest between Andy Fastow and his special purpose entities (SPE). These are just a few cases that ledRead MoreThe Ethical Dimension Of The Demise Of Enron Corporation1474 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the ethical dimension of the demise of Enron Corporation an reflection of author, placed in hypothetical situations. Accounting Fraud and Management philosophy will be the main discussion topics, along with the motivations of fraud. The fall of Enron can be directly attributed to a violation of ethical standards in business. This makes Enron unique in corporate history for the same actions that made Enron on of the fastest growing and most profitable corporations, at the turnRead MoreEnron Stakeholders Essay1634 Words   |  7 PagesEnron Stakeholder Assignment Enron was a dream come true for a lot of people, but it was also a nightmare waiting to happen for many more. I am going to examine the collapse of Enron from the management perspective. The three examples of Enron behaving badly that I am going to study are the incidents in Valhalla, the electricity trading in California and the conflict of interest between Andy Fastow and his special purpose entities (SPE). These are just a few cases that led to the failure ofRead MoreEssay on Enron: Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse784 Words   |  4 PagesEnron: Questionable Accounting Leads to Collapse In the case of Enron, it comes down to pure greed and a lack of accountability. From the top, there was illegal activity with Ken Lay, Jeffrey Skilling, and Andrew Fastow who raided the company as though it was their own personal bank. On top of that, the culture of the rest of the company was to make as much money as they could and employees were rewarded by the amount of profit they could make without questioning the ethical means to do so.

The Manipulation of Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s Othello...

The Manipulation of Gender Roles in Shakespeare’s Othello Of Shakespeare’s great tragedies, the story of the rise and fall of the Moor of Venice arguably elicits the most intensely personal and emotional responses from its English-speaking audiences over the centuries. Treating the subject of personal human relationships, the tragedy which should have been a love story speaks to both reading and viewing audiences by exploring the archetypal dramatic values of love and betrayal. The final source of the tragic action in Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice has been attributed to various psychological, mythical, racial, social sources: Othello’s status as racial outsider in Venetian society, his pagan roots in†¦show more content†¦The most illusive character in all of Shakespeare’s drama, Iago is perhaps the most difficult to explore psychologically for the simple reason that he lacks a personal self. He dons and sheds gender like a closet of clothes, adorning each article as it suits hi m. Ultimately evolved from the Vice figure of the medieval English morality plays, as Bernard Spivack has convincingly argued, Iago is the Shakespeare’s dramatic and humanistic manifestation of the abstracted evil which governed the dramatic movement of the previous generations of English plays. The self he presents to the world is bound only by circumstance and not by constitution. One key to Iago’s power is his â€Å"improvisational ability† (Gutierrez 12). Like the mythical Satan as Prince of Lies, he makes up his fabulous stories as he goes along, playing off of others’ actions and reactions to his ever-spinning web of lies. Iago switches between the facades of emotion easily and fluidly. He admits and affirms his hatred of Othello in the opening lines of the play (I.i.1-9) [All citations are from the Bantam edition.] and reveals his intentions of betraying Othello at his earliest convenience (I.i.44). In the very next scene, not more than 150 lines l ater, we find Iago in his role as sycophant openly fawning before theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Impact of Gender on Shakespeares Othello 1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe Impact of Gender on Shakespeare’s Othello In the book â€Å"Gender Trouble† (1990), feminist theorist Judith Butler explains â€Å"gender is not only a social construct, but also a kind of performance such as a show we put on, a costume or disguise we wear† (Butler). In other words, gender is a performance, an act, and costumes, not the main aspect of essential identity. By understanding this theory of gender as an act, performance, we can see how gender has greatly impacted the outcome of the play inRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of power is explored in various ways throughout ‘Othello’, Shakespeare uses the vulnerability of characters’ flaws to allow power shifts to occur through manipulation. The Elizabethan value consensus highlights the difference in gender roles, with societal expectations being defined by the divine order. The limitations of social mobility provide a strong platform for the theme of power to be embedded upon, with characters such as Desdemona and Emilia representing the struggle that womenRead MoreGender Stereotypes in Othello Essay2033 Words   |  9 Pagesregards to gender stereotypes. Shakespeare’s great play Othello uses its main characters to embody the characteristics of the stereotypical females and males according to society’s liking. 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Boys on the other hand, are given cars and action figures that can take rough-housingRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare Essay1418 Words   |  6 Pagestragedy of â€Å"Othello†, believed to have been written in approximately 1603. The work revolves around four central characters; Othello, a Moorish general in the Venetian army; his new wife, Desdemona; his lieutenant, Cassio; and his trusted ensign, Iago. Throughout the play of â€Å"Othello†, William Shakespeare diagnoses and portrays two ills within his own society, which are undeniably still present in society today. Shakespeare portrays the i ssues of prejudice against race and prejudice against gender. In thisRead MoreJessica Foy. Othello Essay. English Iii. 14 February 2017.907 Words   |  4 PagesJessica Foy Othello Essay English III 14 February 2017 Emilia Essay Character development is seen in almost every character in the play Othello. 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Vehicle On Board Electronic System Suffer Interference Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(85) " radiated power and reciprocally relative to distance between matching constituents\." As modern engineering is more forward, the demand from clients and vehicle makers to put in Numberss of electrical and electronic systems into cars has dramatically increased. The lifting demand lead to onboard sophisticated electronic control systems in cars to heighten driver comfort and vehicle safety. These systems include Control Area Networks ( CAN ) , Engine Management Systems ( EMS ) , Anti-Lock Braking Systems ( ABS ) , safety systems, communications, Mobile, wireless headsets, amusement systems, assortment of DC motors and accountants. We will write a custom essay sample on Vehicle On Board Electronic System Suffer Interference Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The physical size of most vehicle instruments used are reduced dramatically due to demanding light weight cars for better public presentation. As system goes smaller it becomes more complex with package embedded on electronics. As more systems present big figure of wires need to be installed to link them, therefore increasing the cost of fabricating. To cut down cost and weight all modern vehicles makers are be aftering to travel radio or usage CAN coach multiplex wiring system. Puting big figure of electronic and electrical system on vehicle in little confined infinite is still a job with Electromagnetic Interference ( EMI ) of these systems from interfering with each other doing cross talk ( radiated and conducted emanations ) . If these systems are non controlled decently they may neglect or do terrible jobs, because as an unfortunate all electronics suffer any kind of intervention. Embedded microcontrollers are used in assortment of vehicle systems such as EMS. The two major EMI menaces interior decorators presently concentrating are susceptibleness ( victim of EMI ) and unsusceptibility ( beginning of EMI ) . This appraisal is focused on EMC issues in vehicle electronics chiefly on car engine direction system. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vehicle-lab.net/Pics/ecu.jpg Fig.1 Developing engineering in modern car industry, computing machines got involved with cars and their engines. Modern engine ‘s operation is now controlled by computing machines ECU ( Engine Control Unit ) which are besides called as EMS ( Engine direction System ) . The EMS controls the maps of the engine and allows a proper direction of the engine ‘s operations utilizing a assortment of detectors. Modern Engine Control Units were introduced due to the technological promotion to implant microprocessors ( CPU ) that were fast adequate to supply a real-time operation. Further promotion of vehicle electronics made EMC a major issue. Engine direction Systems are largely affected by several factors including rough environments. The automotive environment contains several menaces including power transients, wireless frequence intervention ( external and onboard wireless senders and receiving systems ) electrostatic discharge and power line electric and magnetic Fieldss. Fortunately these jobs can be overcome through good EMI design techniques. Due to EMI most modern engines which are controlled by EMS started responding adversely. Some issues were vehicles experienced drawn-out acceleration without drivers purpose, engines cut off or cruise control accelerates the auto beyond drivers control. EMC Issues Associated with EMS: As engineering is rapidly progressing, car makers are seeking to do more safe autos and practically modern vehicles are safer than earlier but still EMI jobs can do some terrible accidents. As autos can travel anyplace interference caused to its onboard electronics is sometimes unpredictable. The few jobs of EMI are electrostatic discharge from worlds, power line Fieldss ( transformers ) , radio frequence unsusceptibility, wayside broadcast, cellular telephone, airfield radio detection and ranging systems, autos ain systems ( chief cause of power transient ) and many more. There is besides major job of EMI which can do to vehicles such as, after an accident vehicle is repaired, when proprietors modify them by adding extra amusement systems onboard or by external organic structure alterations. If these alterations are done by utilizing devices or systems which are non of EMC criterions this can do extra jobs of EMI by get the better ofing the intervention control steps placed by origi nal vehicle maker. The chief mechanisms that produce EMI are: – Conductive Emissions: It is generated by exchanging of solenoids in gear box, relays and by commuting of electric motors. These are transient in nature. The emanations are conducted along the wiring harness and spread into the power supply terminuss of onboard electronic systems. These transients get coupled inductively or capacitively into signal leads of assorted systems. Conductive Susceptibility: These high electromotive force transients get superimposed into vehicle power supply of 12v or 24v and can significantly harm the electronic systems of the vehicle. Radiated Emissions: Radiated emanations arise from two beginnings in the vehicle. Conducted transients which are generated by electrical systems which starts breathing radiation since the wiring harness acts as an forward pass. Emissions from electronic systems which involve high velocity logic such as microprocessor circuitry. Harmonicss generated from clock pulsations of 1MHZ or greater which extend over 100MHz. These are either radiated straight from the system ( microprocessor ) or from the wiring harness. Radiated emanations from ignition system besides interfere with other vehicles or with domestic receiving systems. Radiated Susceptibility: Since vehicle in an built-in mode is likely to be a good conducting organic structure as it is subjected to harsh electromagnetic environment onboard and nomadic transceivers. Highest rate of jobs at 20-200MHz set is due to wiring harness and vehicle organic structure itself. The fixed onboard senders around the vehicle produce great sum of power but comparatively less field strength, but nomadic senders are opposite by breathing less power with greater field strengths impacting more on host and next vehicle. Therefore illustrated by citing the undermentioned equation Tocopherol = ( v30PG ) /r v/m Here ‘E ‘ is the field strength in ( v/m ) produced by an aerial with radiated power as ‘P ‘ ( W ) and ‘r ‘ ( m ) is the distance between the beginning and victim. ‘G ‘ is antenna addition. See the instance were pretermiting antenna addition were on-board sender emits radiations on ECU. Assuming distance between the beginning and victim is 1m or less in instance between circuit constituents. The power dissipated is assumed as 10W. The field strength experienced by the vehicle is calculated as E = [ v ( 30*10 ) ] /1 = 17.32 v/m From the above equation its clearly seeable that the field strength is straight relative to radiated power and reciprocally relative to distance between matching constituents. You read "Vehicle On Board Electronic System Suffer Interference Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" If either distance is reduced and power radiated is more the field strength will be high. Methods to better system public presentation: If EMC issues have to be improved in modern electronics of car, jobs happening in the design procedure of such systems should be controlled and if it is non done in the design procedure it becomes hard and more expensive to manage it subsequently. Although it is impossible to command emanations such as RF intervention, electrostatic discharge, magnetic Fieldss and many other EMI from external beginnings. Merely proper shielding, filtrating and anchoring of such onboard systems could cut down the hazard of intervention on them. Few EMI decrease methods on circuit degree design of electronic systems: Try traveling most of the constituents to PCBA ( Printed Circuit Board Assembly ) and seek good screening techniques on them. Use less noisy constituents in circuit so that it least interfere with each other. Reducing matching between circuits by good physical separation for EMI. Minimizing the land cringle from the circuit back to the power supply and by cut downing the land electric resistance by proper anchoring theoretical account. Using ferrite merchandises as it acts as an absorber of EMI energy by breathing less sum of heat. Reducing capacitive and inductive yoke of microprocessor and other IC ‘s ( incorporate microcontrollers ) by cut downing the rise clip of pulsations as this procedure decreases the higher frequence constituents of the signal by cut downing harmonics. To command noise, the noisy leads should be twisted together as this method will diminish the country of cringle by diminishing magnetic yoke. If shielding could be done on these twisted leads a better solution for the job could be achieved. The leads which are go forthing the shielded country should be filtered every bit good. In autos human body is used as common land, if most of the overseas telegrams are placed near human body it will minimise inductive yoke of wires with other constituents. The length of overseas telegram used in vehicles should ever be kept every bit short as possible because a long overseas telegram will move as an efficient aerial. The leads which are non shielded should be kept every bit short as possible to avoid capacitive yoke. As screening helps to avoid intervention from come ining the constituents circuit, the conducted harmonics can non be to the full shielded. It can be merely eliminated utilizing a filter which will take harmonics without impacting the existent signal. The different types of screening techniques are BLS ( board-level shields ) on PCB ‘s, RF and wire mesh gaskets and many more. Electrically Conductive Elastomers are widely used in autos as it shields from both environment and EMI. These can be custom made or cut into any form required for assortment of applications. These provide screening effectivity up to 120db at 10GHz. Nickel-zinc ferrite merchandises are used extensively in signal line and EMI filtering as overseas telegram nucleuss, bit beads, CAN-Bus choking coils and connection home bases. Testing of vehicle to run into EMC criterions: First proving the vehicles electronic unsusceptibility to radiated Fieldss can be tested by puting the vehicle in a big non-resonant chamber of 10m*10m*5m tallness in a RF ( Radio Frequency ) absorber being 1.5m long and expose it to a frequence scope of 1- 10GHz with radiating field strength of up to 60 v/m. The vehicle is being tested without any driver seated. Inside the trial auto really small as possible testing equipments are being placed to avoid any alteration in response of electronic systems caused by proving equipments. The vehicle is monitored to look into whether ECU or any electronic constituent behaviour is altered at high frequence scope with big field strength. In this trial ECU is connected to spectrum analyzer utilizing ocular fibre overseas telegram to happen out the maximal unsusceptibility degree that the ECU can defy. Spectrum analyser is besides used in proving of EMS and many other electronic microcontrollers. The current absorbed by wiring harness during this trial is more due to less distance from the radiating beginning. Sing vehicle placed at a distance of 20m, the current induced on wiring harness is being scaled up utilizing current injection technique to look into the behaviour of the system at higher effectual field strength. Three different places of aerial are used as sender by puting one in forepart of the trial vehicle and other two on sides. As batch of wiring harness is accumulated at sides and borders of the vehicle the field strength will be significantly greater at these corners. Testing at these corners will be done at big strength for approximately 100v/m for worst instance conditions. Testing vehicle is the accurate manner of look intoing the unsusceptibility of vehicle electronics to radiated field. However more convenient manner is to look into each and every constituent of electronics ( EG: on PCB ‘s ) during the design and fabrication phase as provider of these systems does n’t necessitate vehicle to prove each electronic constituents. As most EMI occurs through wiring harness due to built-in yoke. The best method to prove systems unsusceptibility is by BCI ( Bulk Current Injection ) technique. The following testing measure involves mensurating the current absorbed by wiring harness while vehicle is being subjected to radiations of comparatively low field strength of 1v/m. This trial is done at unfastened trial site at a distance of 20m radiating aerial to forestall deformation from close field radiation effects and to subject the vehicle to uniformly distributed field. Different trials for far field strengths are conducted from 1-100v/m over a broad frequence scope utilizing different harnesses and field polarisations. Using BCI as a diagnostic technique in a EMC chamber on a whole vehicle testing degrees at which susceptibleness occurs at each system can be determined. This trial information will be helpful to increase the unsusceptibility of the system by making suited alteration to the needed systems. Assorted standard proving methods such as ISO can be used for both whole vehicle proving and system ( or constituent ) degree proving. Testing method of component degree proving will more frequently extinguish jobs happening at design provinces by doing whole vehicle proving more cost effectual. The major onboard constituents such as CAN Bus web, ECU, EMS, other electronic control systems which control operation of engine will be tested twice on circuit degree and on whole vehicle after its implemented. This would break turn out that system will run into the needed criterions. Thus clip involved in whole vehicle testing will be reduced doing it more immune to rough environments. How to cite Vehicle On Board Electronic System Suffer Interference Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Oppression Analysis Essay Example For Students

Oppression Analysis Essay Evil, sinful, lover of Satan and weak are just a few adjectives to describe women through history. Nevertheless, women were not always portrayed as so. Women once held a strong and dominated figure within the society. In the ancient Egyptian society, women were equal to men in status and prestige. Within the XVIIIth Dynasty, women such as Nephertiti and Hatchipsoot reign the country. â€Å"In that period, Pharaonic women laboured in textile and carpet manufactory, traded in markets and shared in hunting side by side with her husband (El Saadawi. 1980, P. 108-1).† Furthermore, women played sports, drank, held positions of government, worked, etc. However, as time past and countries began to flourish, there was a shift in the socio-economic status in women. Women began reducing in standing. What happened? Nawal El Saadawi, author of The Hidden Face of Eve, strongly believes that circumcision is the cause of women’s oppression and feeling of powerlessness. However, many wi thin the society believe that conditioned oppression is supported due to religion, landowership and the patriarchal system and they are utilized as in instrument of fear, oppression and exploitation. Circumcision is still practiced in many Arab countries because a woman’s virginity and hymen is extremely important. â€Å"Behind circumcision lies the belief that, by removing parts of girls’ external genital organs, sexual desire is minimized (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 33).† This procedure is not performed by a doctor but someone similar to a midwife. It is believe that deep incisions must be done in order to remove all the remains of the genital. Consequently, this may result in infection and even death. Furthermore, â€Å"sexual frigidity is one of the after-effects which is accentuated by other social and psychological factors that influence the personality and mental make-up of females in Arab societies (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 33).†Due to Circumcision, girls are subjected to a series of pain humiliation because of the notion of how virginity is valued. Many girls believed that the genital was a root of all evil. El Saadawi had many patients, bleeding from i nfection but happy to get rid of the source of their desire. For example:â€Å"I did not know anything about the operation at the time, except that itwas very simple, and that it was done to all girls for purposes of cleanlinessand purity and the preservation of a good reputation. It was said that a girlwho did not undergo this operation was liable to be talked about by people,her behavior would become bad, and she would starting running after men,with the result that no one would agree to marry her when the time formarriage came. My grandmother told me that the operation had onlyconsisted in the removal of a very small piece of flesh from between mythighs, and that the continued existence of this small piece of flesh in itsplace would have made me unclean and impure, and would have caused theman whom I would marry to be repelled by me.† â€Å"Did you believe what wassaid to you?† â€Å"Of course I did. I was happy the day I recovered from theeffects of the operation and felt as though I was rid of something which had tobe removed and so had become clean and pure (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 35).†El Saadawi knew from experience what many of these girls are going through because she went through the same experience. She could never forget the painful experience that made her lose her â€Å"childhood once and for all, and that deprived me during my youth and for many years of married life from enjoying the fullness of me sexuality and the completeness of life that can only come from all round psychological equilibrium (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 9).†Nawal El Saadawi believes that religion is used as an instrument in order to justify why the girls in the Arab societies are forced to go through circumcision. Once religion was formulated as a monotheistic one, the three main religions of the world developed Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The world begins with ‘Adam and Eve’ and this story is shared within all three religions. The story of Adam and Eve is the first sign that women are portrayed as less than a man. The Bible takes away a factor that was associated with women, birth. However, â€Å"Eve was born of Adam’s rib (El Saadawi. 1980, P. 102).† In the Judaism religion, arose the notion that â€Å"women was sinful and that sex was sin (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 95). According to El Saadawi (1980) this story â€Å"shows clearly the injustice suffered by women, and the attempt to mask her situation by religious sanctification aimed at smothering all doubt, all discussion and all resistance (p. 102).† In other words, within this male dominated society, women are being circumcised not because it is being enforced by men, but the Bible dictates it to be so. That is what they like everyone to believe, however, who wrote the Bible? Men!As El Saadawi points out (1980), God exalts man in His Bible as one of high intelligence and on if thought, where as a woman is just a body without a head (p. 103). Fir example, in Christianity â€Å"God had created man in his own image, and God was spirit. Woman on the hand was the body, and the body was sex (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 95)† In other words, men is the depiction of God, where as women are just a deviation of men. Women are born without an essential factor, a head and therefore, she is not complete because a head is the center of thought, which distinguishes humans from animal. It is based on this fact that it is believed that women should be circumcised. Since a woman is of the flesh, she must be rid of anything that will give her sexual pleasure. With the Sudan culture, girls are forced to undergo an amputation of her whole external organs. This includes cutting off her â€Å"clitoris, the two outer lips and the two minor inner lips. The wound is repaired. The outer opening of the vagina is the only portion left intact, not however without ensured that, during the process of repairing, some narrowing of the opening is carried out with a few extra stitches (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 9).†El Saadawi believes (1980) that religion is used as a shackle upon the mind of patriarchal society in order to oppress, dictate, dominate and domesticate women (p. 98). Religion has led people to believe that women are the roots of all evil. They are filled with lustful behaviors and they are filled with evil and Satan. In a way, women are seen as disciples of Satan. It is a ma’s job to control them. The male dominated society reinforces the idea that women must be pure, chaste and virginal in order to be worthy of a man. These puritanical values are utilized â€Å"to build on oppression and are still part of the arsenal of heavy weapons which maintains a continuous barrage in the war against revolutionary struggles of women, colored races and the exploited classes living under the semi-feudal or imperialism and neo-colonialism (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 98).† The monotheistic religion, in enunciating the princi ples relating to the role and position of women in life, as we have seen, drew inspiration and guidance from the value of the patriarchal and class societies prevalent at the time. Nawal El Saadawi focuses on the patriarchal system as a major condition for the oppression of women. The shift between man and woman began when men realized the importance of landowership. Man recognized the association between land and having wealth and power. Landownership places them in a higher social, economic and political arena. In acquiring land, man must have someone to cultivate it since it demeans their status within the society to do. The oppression of a slave and women became apparent. â€Å"Wives were a source of wealth since they shouldered many heavy tasks in birth field and home without expecting any payment in return apart from their keep. Their lot was that of unpaid labourers no better off than slaves (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 111).†As much as we want to fault religion for such dehu manizing acts, this is not the case. Yes, religion does devalue women, but it does not state that women should not have any pleasure nor should she be circumcised. These are organs and flash that God has created in women. In a sense, â€Å"religion is most often used as an instrument in the hands of economic and political forces, as an institution utilized by those who rule to keep down those who are ruled (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 4).†Women were seen no better than cattle as they brought and sold as such. Fathers sold their daughters to the highest bidder. In a way, women don’t really care who they are sold off too, sexually they feel nothing. Once these females were sold into marriage, the husband had full control over them. How were women to object to such oppression within a male dominated society? It is quite evident that they could not fight back. The idea that they are the weak, useless, sinful and most incomplete gender has been a constant reminder to them that the y live in a dictatorship of men. From the time that they are young girls, the fact that sex is sinful is drummed into them. â€Å"The child therefore is trained to suppress her own desires to empty herself of authentic, original wants and wishes linked to her own self, and to fill the vacuum that results with the desires of others (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 13).† Furthermore, before she reaches the stage of becoming a woman, she is succumbed with the fact that she will go through the process of circumcision. â€Å"A girl who has lost her personality, her capacity to think independently, and to use her own mind, will do what others have told her and will become a toy in their hands and a victim of their decisions. Religion, therefore, is interwoven with the patriarchal system and landownership. It provided laws and regulation solely upon women that was reinforced by man. Women were obligated to be chaste, virginal, obedient and faithful to their husband. â€Å"The development of private property which reinforces the ‘ passions of acquisitiveness and ownership’ and the development of the patriarchal society, the husband began to demand complete fidelity of his wife (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 117).† This is a long age double standard throughout history. Males coerce these rules upon women, yet they do not have to abide by the same rules. They are set free of these puritan standards because they are the authoritative figure within society and they are â€Å"enslave the sexual code of chastity and sexual rectitude for the females (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 111).† Those women who are believed to be guilty of breaking these codes could be subjected to numerous consequences, such as death and torture. The immediate consequence of circumcision causes the oppression of women that get a sense of powerlessness. They have no power to governor their own lives. They must live under the direct rule the male dominated society. They have no sense of who they are and what they can accomplish because they are brainwashed by the religious and patriarchal figures. They see themselves as the weaker sex filled with great evil, and evil that will always be imbedded within her. She is also seen as incomplete and lacking without her male counterpart. This leaves a long and grave affected on the morale, mental, physical, emotional as well as the spiritually factors of a woman. She is forever seen as an object, a thing no better than an animal. In turn, these ideas are handed down throughout generations, to every female born. It is a never-ending cycle that dehumanizes women into believing that God made them sinful and incomplete. Furthermore, it is made to believe that with the divinity of God, for males who are made in His image, to have total control over them, for their well being. Restaurant management EssayIn many ways, women (mothers and wives) are exploited. They are to carry numerous vital functions, such as to clean, wash, cook, give birth (preferable to male children), nurse, teach and satisfy their husbands’ sexually appetites for which she is not paid. â€Å"She is therefore the lowest paid labourer in existence and therefore man pays her the lowest wage known for any category of human being of burden (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 143).† The long-term effect of this oppression is a sense of powerlessness. Women go on to believe that there is no difference between themselves and cattle. They have neither say in the political, social, economic nor the religious spectrum of society. Women are not given the choice to feel anything sexually. Many of them are fighting for emancipation, which is a right that women established in the United States in the early 1900s. Furthermore, women are trying to break away from tradition; however, they are finding it extremely difficult. How can they succeed, when their society strongly dominated by religion, tradition, and customs and managed by a male dictatorial environment? Men still have the belief that such as break from tradition would only lead to women losing their chastity and honor. According to El Saadawi (1980), as a result of this confined view of women, women only construed 9% of the labor force in 1976 (p. 185). Overall, â€Å"the oppression of women in any society is in its turn an expression of an economic structure built on landownership, systems of inheritance and parenthood, and the patriarchal family as an in built social unit (El Saadawi. 1980, p. 4).†Times are changing and we are in a new millennium. Many would assume that equality within the sexes and races would exist already. However, that is not the case. There is such a great amount of tradition and customs that is quite difficult to break away from. We need more people I m the world that are willing to tak e a stand for what they believe in such as Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King, Ghandi, Mother Teresa, etc. BibliographyBibliographyEl Saadawi, Nawal. (1980). The Hidden Face Of Eve; Women in the Arab World. New York; St Martin Press, Inc. Political Issues Essays

Platos Republic Essays (1068 words) - Philosophy, Virtue, Ethics

Plato's Republic Virtues contribute to people's actions in today's society. Society as a whole has a common set of virtues that many people agree on. In today's society, these are known as laws. Virtues also mold the individual outlook on life, and give them the moral's to do what is right. In The Republic, Plato divides the city into three classes: gold, silver, as well as bronze and iron souls. Each class is designated to posses a specific virtue. He believes that wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice combine together to form The Republic. However, Plato's four virtues individually do not necessarily produce a utopian society. A combination of the four in each citizen is imperative in producing the ideal society. In Plato's search for the perfect "republic", he decides that the basis of the city will be on four virtues. The first of them is wisdom. Plato defines wisdom, in Greek terms "Sophia", as knowledge of the city as a whole. Of the three classes, the gold souls posses the virtue of wisdom. The gold souls are the only class whose knowledge goes beyond the mere facts to the level of true wisdom. "...This class, which properly has a share in that knowledge which alone among the various kinds of knowledge ought to be called wisdom, has, as it seems, the fewest members by nature" (429a). The second virtue that Plato defines is courage, which in Greek terms is "Andreia". Courage is the preservation of the opinion produced by law, through education about what things are terrible, and what things are good. Courage can be found in the silver souls. Plato uses the example that when dyers want to dye wool, they start with the background. They need the right kind of white material, and they have to prepare it carefully; and if they go to this trouble, you can not bleach the color out. If they do a poor job of it, the cloth quickly becomes washed-out and faded. Plato used the dyeing analogy to state how he wishes to train the silver souls (429d- 430b). He states that the people will undergo a precise training. Certain music and physical activity will only be allowed. Plato wanted a good upbringing to make the right ideas permanent in them, so that the bleach of pleasure, grief, fear, or death, would not wash the true colors from their souls. "For, in my opinion, you regard the right opinion about these same things that comes to be without education- that found in beast and slaves- as not at all lawful and call it something other than courage" (430b). Once they got to this point of having a clear, firm grasp of what is really dangerous to a man, they knew their only task was to show courage. The third virtue in The Republic, is moderation. The Greek term for moderation is Sophrosune. Plato defines moderation as the kind of accord and harmony between the bronze and silver souls. Moderation is the ability to control desires and to be the master of ones self. There are two things at work in a man's heart. One is good, and one is bad. The bad can overwhelm the good. If the people have bad training or keep company with the wrong people, the bad force grows powerful and can overwhelm the good. If the good one controls them, then there is moderation; but if the bad one controls, they are a slave to their own desires and that they are out of control or unprincipled. "If, therefore, any city ought to be designed stronger than pleasures, desires, and itself, then this one must be so called" (431d). When a city as a whole is moderate, it is in harmony. Moderation is different from wisdom or courage. It is found not just in the gold and silver souls, but as something that runs throughout the city. "Three of them have been spied out in our city, at least sufficiently to form some opinion. Now what would be the remaining form thanks to which the city would further partake in virtue? For, plainly, this is justice" (432b). The fourth and final virtue in The Republic is justice. Justice, or in Greek terms, "Dikaiosune", is defined by Plato as minding one's own business. Justice comes about when every person in the republic is doing what he or she is set to do. The shoemakers make only shoes, and the farmers only deal with agriculture. When everyone minds their own business and does what he

Romare Bearden essays

Romare Bearden essays Romare Bearden is among the greatest artists of his generation. His complex and powerful works represent the places where he lived and worked: the rural North Carolina, the urban area of the northern cities, primarily Pittsburgh and New York's Harlem, and the Caribbean island of St. Martin. Religious subjects and ritual practices, jazz clubs, and literature are dominant themes in his work. Romare Bearden was born September 2, 1912. Bearden's date of birth has been the subject of much debate. Dates have ranged anywhere from 1911 to 1914. However, according to the Register of Deeds in Charlotte, his year of birth has been recorded as 1912. Born in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, Bearden moved as a child to New York City with his parents. Although Bearden left Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, as a small child, he returned often through the mid-1920s to visit his paternal great-grandparents who were property owners in Charlotte. He also traveled to Pittsburgh where he attended his last two years of high school, living from 1927 through 1929 with his maternal grandparents who ran a boardinghouse for steel mill workers from the south. These two cities as well as New York offered Bearden countless motifs that were the basis for much of his art throughout his career. The Bearden home in New York became a meeting place for Harlem Renaissance personalities including writer Langston Hughes, painter Aaron Douglas, and musician Duke Ellington, all of whom certainly would inspire the young artist's imagination. During a career lasting almost half a century Bearden was best known for his revolutionary use of collage. He would produce approximately two thousand works. Bearden graduated in 1935 with a degree in education at New York University. In 1936, Bearden enrolled in night classes at New York's Art Students League where he studied under German Expressionist George Grosz. Grosz reinforced Bearden's interest in art...

China History assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China History assignment - Essay Example The feudal system of the Zhou was around 1045BC and came into being after defeating the Shang. Their economic activities were characterized by a well-defined system where noble men owned the lands while the peasant families were responsible for tiling. This phase had benefits of improving the commerce since it was commercialized. However, it led to class difference where a class of wealth merchants emerged. The open system of the Warring States lasted between 475–221 BCE and was characterized by technological advancement which benefited the people by producing large scale economic products. However, this period was characterized by rapid reforms which benefited only a class of people while the workers at the ground continued to get poorer. The other stage was the centralist system of the Qin which lasted between 221–206 BCE. This period witnessed rapid expansion of the Qin dynasty up to Vietnam in the south and Mongolia in the north. This period prides in establishing a standardized form of weight measurement, writing and length measurement. However, this period was also characterized by rebellions from the people after the death of their king which was the reason for the decline of Qin (Fong, 1995).

VAP research design Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

VAP design - Research Paper Example The control group did not receive VAP bundle, which is an education intervention program on VAP definition, etiology and VAP preventative strategies, while the experimental group received the VAP bundle education program. Despite this, the two will be very useful in carrying the research due to the complementing strengths. Effective integration of various research designs is necessary to ensure that best results are realized. According to Polit &Beck (2009), RCT considers the strongest design for controlling both internal and external threat. Therefore, since RCT produces the strongest evidence for cause and effect, it will be assigned to either control or experimental groups. In this case, it will effectively examine the effect of staff training program on compliance to the VAP bundle. In carrying out the research, data on compliance with the VAP bundle will be collected in every quartile, using a checklist or an audit form. In addition, data on VAP incidence will be collected repeatedly at given time intervals: every quartile and once in every three months. The data collected will be very useful in data analysis and evaluation, so that the conclusion can be

Ethics Paper Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics Paper Management - Assignment Example The decisions concerning strategic planning and management are usually taken by the shareholders of the company or the top level executive unit (Board of Directors). These decisions are related to all resources and structure of the company. The strategic action plan has to be fundamental, stable and long lasting. For these reasons a company needs to involve in its strategy concepts like vision (where we go, what we want) and mission (who we are, what we do). Values and beliefs that are shared within the organization show additional consolidation and commitment of the unit and the staff. Different types of mission statements are issued and among all those of importance to us are the â€Å"product – service oriented† and â€Å"customer – market oriented† ones. In her â€Å"Ethics Awareness Inventory† Williams (2011) argues that to succeed in the long run a company or an individual needs to consider topics like Character (what is good to be rather than what is good to do), Obligation (duty or obligation of individuals), Results (the consequences of our actions, where good should prevail over evil) and Equity (issues related to justice, trust and honesty). Since strategic planning is done mostly by shareholders and Board of directors then â€Å"is it done for their sole benefit, only?† When being asked, managers make an interesting rating for the objectives of their business behavior placing customers and government at the top, followed by stockholders and employees. Clifton and Amran (2011) share that the â€Å"Stakeholder Approach† is supportive in corporate practices and this is a proper way to achieve a sustainable world. Freeman (1994) is even more straightforward by writing that â€Å"Corporation shall be managed in the interests of its stakeholders, defined as employees, financiers, customers, and communities†. In most strategic and business managing sources stakeholders are described as the individuals , groups and institutions most deeply interested in the business of the company and its results. The short list would include customers, competitors and suppliers, as well as administrative, social and political institutions. Ferrell (2004) considers that â€Å"customers are key stakeholders that help establish the firm’s reputation and identification† and later â€Å"Understanding customer needs and wants and providing customers with high-quality products are the key to the company’s success.† An interesting issue is to discuss one specific group of stakeholders – parents and family members. The Forbes columnist Scott Reeves (2005) cites M. Sophie Beckmann, a certified public accountant and certified financial planner at  A.G. Edwards  in St. Louis to have said that "Responsibility increases with children" and that "You're now responsible for your spouse and the children. That means planning."  And we add: â€Å"That means strategic plannin g.† A family with three children will spent not less than 15 to 20 years being engaged in college-related topics and thus behavioral, money and housing issues. Consider a possible student loan from the U.S. government Direct Loan Program with 10 years repayment period (U.S. Department of Education, 2011) and then it makes a period of nearly 30 years. People from that group of stakeholders would be delighted to learn and know about a company like the American Campus

Strategies for Terrorism Investigation

Strategies for Terrorism Investigation Terrorism and its investigation Counter terrorism could be characterized as the strategies and procedures that a legislature, military or insights org actualize to anticipate or counter terrorism (Legitimate). Strategy alternatives incorporate tact, engagement of the foe, financial approvals, undercover activity, security improvement and military energy. the investigator of Terrorism must have a high capacity to bear long stakeouts and observation. The accomplishment of such investigations depends generally on brainpower and investigation Interrogation The interrogation process, however, demonstrating a few advances, appears to have been generally uninfluenced by significant changes in policing, the wrongdoing issue and innovative advances made in the previous thirty years. In the primary, it is our view that advancement in police criminal interrogation exertions remains to a great extent disengaged from more extensive police deliberations to react all the more viably, all the more proficiently, and all the more fearlessly to the wrongdoing issue when all is said in done. surveying the wrongdoer from social and mental angles, the assessing suspected wrongdoers significant belonging, and counselling with law requirement authorities about a few methods when questioning guilty parties. The procedure of building a profile of an obscure guilty party commonly incorporates three stages (Snook et al., 2007). Firstly, gathering wrongdoing scene information by investigators is required and afterward the information will be sent in a profile; furthermore, the profiler begins to break down the information which comes from the wrongdoing scene; and the last step is the expectations about the identity, practices, and demographic qualities of the feasible criminal Trends It must be adaptable at all periods of the interrogation, offer data for the entire accomplice Orgs and have numerous alternate arrangements for any conceivable situation that may unfold amid the commission of any wrongdoing. Also, this is a long way from simple there are not very many interrogations where the wrongdoing has been focused on any script we have acquired at any phase of the interrogation. Offenders, including terrorists, no more work in one word they much of the time cross fringes with the expectation of abusing our shortcomings. One of those distinguished shortcomings is that police are compelled by jurisdictional limits. Furthermore, this is just sensible we would prefer not to be forcing our frameworks on a neighbouring nation any more than we would need them to force theirs on us. Australians would not endure an alternate nation letting us know how we legitimate framework ought to manage culprits, what punishments we ought to force on those that repudiate our laws. Functions While constitutions and national power block us from working past our locale, they dont block us from coordinating past our residential outskirts. On this point, the AFP goes no place without welcome and does not work singularly whatever other nation Question 2 Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act Bioterrorism represents a one of a kind test to the restorative consideration and open wellbeing frameworks. Not at all like a blast or concoction assault, has which brought about prompt and noticeable setbacks, the general society wellbeing effect of a natural assault can unfold progressively about the weather. Until a sufficient number of individuals touch base at crisis rooms and investigators business locales griping of comparative ailments, there may be no sign that an assault has occurred. The pace and exactness with which investigators and labs reach the right analyses and report their discoveries to open wellbeing powers has an immediate effect on the quantity of individuals who get to be sick and the number that pass on. The countrys capacity to react to a bioterrorist assault, accordingly, depends critically on the state of readiness of its restorative forethought frameworks and open wellbeing foundation. Open health, society have for a considerable length of time whined ab out the disintegration of the open wellbeing framework through disregard and absence of subsidizing. They caution that the country is badly prepared and inadequately arranged to react to a bioterrorist assault. For a sample, they call attention to that there is an excessively fewer therapeutic staff prepared to spot natural assets, a lack of modern research facilities to recognize the executors, and deficient supplies of medications and immunizations to neutralize the danger. They additionally battle that deficient arrangements exist for setting up isolates and crisis offices to handle the wiped out and irresistible exploited people. Enhancing open wellbeing readiness and reaction limit offers assurance from bioterrorist assaults, as well as from characteristically happening open wellbeing crises. Open wellbeing authorities are progressively worried about our introduction and defencelessness to irresistible ailment also sustenance borne ailment due to worldwide travel, pervasive nou rishment imports, and the advancement of anti-infection safe pathogens. The U.S. Patriot Act (HR 3162). Its objectives are to reinforce local security and grow the forces of law-authorization orgs as to recognizing and ceasing terrorists. The passing and replenishment of the Loyalist Demonstration have been greatly disputable. Supporters assert that its been instrumental in various interrogations and captures of terrorists, while faultfinders counter the demonstration gives the administration an excessive amount of force, debilitates common freedoms and undermines the very vote based system it looks to secure. We should investigate what the Nationalist Demonstration is the backing and feedback behind it and if the Loyalist Demonstration is truly meeting expectations. Question 3 Terrorism investigations: in both proactive and reactive circumstances. Global support and participation are crucial for improving ability to proactively explore terrorism, supporters of terrorism and the financing of terrorism and to relieve the possibility of assault. This involves an aggregate readiness amongst us to impart vital and strategic knowledge; and show an eagerness to help the assault on terrorism, paying little mind to where last results seizures captures are made. Preparing and working together are additionally vital add-ins, empowering us to better see one another, to be better at examining and following wrongdoing and to structure an imparted vision, though with distinctive underscoring structures Our prosperity cant be basically measured by the avoidance of one assault, or the capture of one terrorist. Our prosperity is a long way from being acknowledged and will just genuinely be attained in annihilating radical philosophies and imprisoning those purposes on difficult the security of our locale. In this respect, collaboration and coordinated effort with our local partners will be the discriminating segment of long haul achievement for all territorial law requirement methods from protection activity in responsive reaction. Measuring our prosperity fuses exploring our capability to enhance our connections, our organizations and our university approaches and our capacity adjust to the provincial and criminal situations that manage our future. The transnational and quickly advancing terrorism environment requires a key and worldwide thinking by every one of us governments, offices, orgs, partnerships and people. Question 4 The recommended techniques for interrogating a terrorist suspect. Law enforcement systems have a high potential for the lapse in light of the fact that lawbreakers are inspired to give false data to the police. A powerful, preparing project can help to diminish the potential for the lapse by showing investigators how to direct interrogation methods appropriately, and by helping investigators select the most fitting strategies to use with a given subject. Determination of an ideal system extraordinarily enhances the possibilities of taking in valuable data from a subject, and lessens slip rates. Normally utilized systems incorporate great investigator/terrible investigator, pride and personality down and the Reid strategy. It is paramount to have the capacity to choose the ideal method and actualize it effectively to decrease blunders. A number of strategies are powerful for picking up data from a subject amid interrogation, however a few methods work better with specific sorts of subjects than others. Great investigator/awful investigator functions admirably with youthful or unpractised subjects who are effectively scared and as of now looking for the approbation of power figures. Pride and self image down could be powerful in circumstances where a subject is liable to be glad for his criminal acts; by assaulting his conscience, he might be invited to boast about unlawful acts to vindicate himself. The Reid method is to a degree dubious, as it could be mistaken inclined. The real segment of the method is to lead a subject into an admission by giving the subject an arrangement of decisions, where the less ethically questionable decision heads to an admission. Investigators must be taught to figure out what method is proper for a given circumstance and to execute it appropriately. The choice of the right session method diminishes the likelihood of slip extraordinarily. It is likewise paramount that investigators be given considerable open door for practice with a specific end goal to flawless their methods. Anxiety positions or strategies that compel a prisoner to stay in an uncomfortable position for delayed timing of time (Ruga, 2007). These may incorporate not having the capacity to stand, needing to hold a posture, or even body suspension. In some cases shackles were joined to keep up these postures. The Focal Insights Office was approved to utilize the strategy of short shackling in 2002 at Guantà ¡namo. Short shackling is when prisoners were made to remain for forty hours in binds amid a meeting. Beatings were incorporated into interrogations to strike dread (Ruga, 2007). This was carried out through vitalize or soulless physical energy going from slaps to substantial blows. In 2002 the Focal Sagacity Office was approved to convey tummy slaps. Stomach slaps were made to be bothered and just demagogically tormenting. Temperature control is the place a prisoner is presented to amazing hotness or call for delayed timing of time. (Riga, 2007) If taken to compiling, this can include stripping the prisoner stripped or more than once splashing them in icy water. In 2003, a Bureau of Defense Memorandum approved the utilization of ecological control. This was famous in cross interrogations in Iraq and was affirmed helpful through reasons for depletion, both physically and rationally. Dangers of mischief to a prisoners companion or family were utilized (Ruga, 2007). This remaining parts a viable panic strategy to amass needed information. The military authorities would undermine to cause physical damage to the prisoner or their family and make the risk feel greatly true. Lack of sleep is utilized to make compelling weakness, bewilderment, and fleeting mental disability (Ruga, 2007). This system was approved in 2002 for utilization in Guantà ¡namo amid twenty hour cross interrogations. The military made lack of sleep by putting prisoners in anxiety positions, tactile over-burden, and consistently awakening physically. Tactile siege by the commotion and light has been utilized amid interrogations various times getting to be exceptionally prominent by The Military And Central Intelligence Agency. Strobe lights and noisy ceaseless music demonstrated to be extremely successful at the present time breaking down a prisoner. Question 5 It is basic to archive legitimately and procedure confirms appropriately so the case could be reviewed years after the fact and effectively take after the legal methodology. investigators must know how to process fatalities appropriately to save their evidentiary quality. Disappointment to take part in legitimate practices can bargain investigative conclusions and the acceptability of confirmation at trial. This article covers the essential steps terrorist-related agents and terrorist-related first responders must know to appropriately save and gather proof connected with terrorist-related victimized people. The investigator ought to be available at the investigation to counsel with the medicinal analyst, answer inquiries, aid in understandings, and gather any proof that may be found. Extra points of interest in going to such methodology are that you can quickly take any extra confirmation into authority that may be recovered, and you wont need to hold up to get the authority report to learn of the aftereffects of the post-mortem investigation. The terrorist-related investigator can exhort the therapeutic inspector on terrorist-related impacts and terrorist-related conditions so the medicinal analyst can better translate the remaining parts. Question 6 Urban Disorder The urban disorder is increasing towards progressing danger that often times require the occupation of teams and helpful investigative game plans. Albeit nearby parks are by and large inside the locale of state and city law implementation, the intersection of outskirts and particular sorts of criminal action may go under the purview of various government offices. Terrorists and posse parts do a wide scope of physical ambushes and assaults as a method for imparting alarm, including coercion and warnings to the individuals who are frank against the exercises of packs. Notwithstanding bombings, some different sorts of strikes incorporate death, grabbing, and arbitrary disorder One fundamental driver of urban savagery was white bigotry and proposed that white America bore a significant part of the obligation regarding dark revolting and resistance. It called to make new occupations, develop new lodging, and put a stop to accept isolation with a specific end goal to wipe out the damaging natures turf.. In request to do in this way, the report prescribed for government projects to give required administrations, to contract more different and touchy police drives and, most outstandingly, to put billions in lodging projects went for separating private isolation. urban disorders tend to concentrate on the part of the police and the militarization of policing strategies with respect to Dark neighbourhoods (Gilroy, 2002). Also, race and racial discrimination are seen as key information elements, as the unemployment status and social deprivation of those included are seen as interpretations of the more extensive structural subordination Federal Authority of investigation assembled and assessed data from the neighbourhood and state law requirement organizations and authorities, and directed its own particular field investigation in choosing urban References Abrahms, Max (2008). What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy . International Security (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press) 32 (4): 86–89. Day, D. (2009). Exploiting Terrorist Vulnerabilities: A Law Enforcement Approach to Fighting Terrorist Organizations. Kansas: Fort Leavenworth. Dempsey, J. Forst, L. (2009). An Introduction to Policing. Kansas City, MO: Cengage Learning. Paul Chevigny,(2008). Politics and Law in the Control of Local Surveillance, Cornell Law Review

Reincarnation :: essays research papers

Reincarnation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A weird idea of much interest is that of reincarnation. What is reincarnation? Some say it's the fact that a person's soul lives without a body and throughout the years possesses different bodies. Is this true or is reincarnation the result of a mentally unstable person's vivid imagination or even the result of cryptomnesia, when a person takes something they have heard or seen, forgets about ever hearing or seeing it and then remembers the event(s) as happening in another life. These three hypothesizes each seem plausible in there own right. With the help of the SEARCH method it will be shown which hypothesis fits best.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hypothesis 1: When a person dies the soul undergoes a process called reincarnation, in which the soul lives another life in the future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The evidence I have to back up this particular claim is that of a story I read in People magazine awhile back. In this story a woman, who goes by the name of Jenny Cockell, claims to have experienced reincarnation. She claims she was once a woman, who went by the name of Marry Sutton, who died 21 years before Jenny's own birth. Jenny believes this because of dreams she has had since the age of three. These dreams were unlike ordinary dreams in how vivid and real they seemed. In the dreams Jenny saw herself in another time and place. She saw herself as a young mother living in a small cottage somewhere in Ireland. In one dream particularly Jenny saw herself with a terrible fever on her own deathbed, terrified of what was to become of her children. One day Jenny decided to find out what had become of these children. So Jenny went to Ireland and while looking at a map of Ireland she sensed that Mary had lived in the small town of Malahide. Then she checked local church records for any mothers of eight named Mary that had gone there. Since from her dreams Jenny recalled there being eight children and the only name she could remember from the dreams was Mary. Sure enough Jenny found a Mary Sutton had lived and died in Malahide. Mary's children had been scattered among family members and orphanages. Then through much search and hard work to find these children Jenny eventually found all of Mary's children. Before Jenny met with any of the children she and the children both agreed to allow a BBC researcher to test Jenny's memories of Mary and Mary's children The tests resulted in a 98 percent agreement. Jenny knew what pictures were on the walls of the Sutton home, other objects in the house,